8 ïðàâèë èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àðòèêëÿ the â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå

8 ïðàâèë èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ àðòèêëÿ the â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå

1. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè ñòðàí è êîíòèíåíòîâ

 äàííîì ñëó÷àå ìû íå èñïîëüçóåì àðòèêëè âîîáùå, ÍÎ åñëè íàçâàíèå ñòðàíû ñîñòîèò èç ÷àñòåé, êàê íàïðèìåð, USA, UK, UAE, òîãäà ïîÿâëÿåòñÿ íàø àðòèêëü the, è áóäåò: the USA, the UK, the UAE, the Czech Rebublic, the Netherlands.

Òàêæå ýòî êàñàåòñÿ êîíòèíåíòîâ è îñòðîâîâ: îáû÷íî ìû íå èñïîëüçóåì àðòèêëü, íî åñëè íàçâàíèå ñáîðíîå, îïðåäåëåííûé àðòèêëü èìååò ìåñòî áûòü.

Íàïðèìåð: Africa, Europe, Bermuda, Tasmania BUT the Virgin Islands, the Bahamas.

She lived in America.
They live in England.
My friend is from the Czech Republic.

2. Ñî ñëîâàìè breakfast, dinner, lunch

Êîãäà ðå÷ü èäåò î ïðèåìå åäû â îáùåì, àðòèêëü îòñóòñòâóåò. Íî åñëè âû ãîâîðèòå î êîíêðåòíîì çàâòðàêå, óæèíå èëè îáåäå, óïîòðåáëÿéòå the.

Ê ïðèìåðó:

I don’t eat breakfast.
We didn’t like the dinner.

3. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè ðàáîòû, ïðîôåññèè

 ýòîì ñëó÷àå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ íåîïðåäåëåííûé àðòèêëü a/an.

Íàïðèìåð:

I want to be a politician.
My younger brother wants to be a vet.

4. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè ñòîðîí ñâåòà

Îáû÷íî íàçâàíèÿ ñòîðîí ñâåòà ïèøóòñÿ ñ áîëüøîé áóêâû, ïîýòîìó èõ ëåãêî ðàñïîçíàòü: the North, the South, the East, the West.

Ïðàâäà åñëè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå óêàçûâàåò íàïðàâëåíèå, òî èñïîëüçîâàòü åãî ñòîèò áåç àðòèêëÿ è ïèñàòü ñ ìàëåíüêîé áóêâû.

Íàïðèìåð:

They went east.
The North is cooler than the South.

5. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè îêåàíîâ, ìîðåé, ðåê è êàíàëîâ

Çàïîìíèòå, ÷òî îïðåäåëåííûé àðòèêëü âñåãäà èñïîëüçóåòñÿ ñ íàçâàíèÿìè äàííûõ âîäîåìîâ.

Íàïðèìåð: The Amazon, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, the Suez Canal.

I would like to swim in the Red Sea, and you?
The Amazon is the longest river in the world.

6. Ñ íàçâàíèÿìè óíèêàëüíûõ ÿâëåíèé

Èìååòñÿ â âèäó, ÷òî ÿâëåíèå èëè ïðåäìåò ñóùåñòâóåò â îäíîì ýêçåìïëÿðå, åäèíîå â ñâîåì ðîäå, â ÷àñòíîñòè, the sun, the moon, the internet, the sky, the earth.

Ê ïðèìåðó:

The sun is a star.
We looked up at all the stars in the sky.
He is always on the internet.

7. Ñ íåèñ÷èñëÿåìûìè ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûìè

Äàííàÿ êàòåãîðèÿ ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ ïîäðàçóìåâàåò òå åäèíèöû è ïîíÿòèÿ, êîòîðûå ìû íå ìîæåì ïîñ÷èòàòü. Ïëþñ, êàê îïîçíàâàòåëüíûé çíàê â áîëüøèíñòâå ñëó÷àåâ, ó íèõ íåò îêîí÷àíèÿ –s – ïîêàçàòåëÿ ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà.

Íî íå çàáûâàéòå, ÷òî íà îäíî ïðàâèëî äåñÿòü èñêëþ÷åíèé, òî åñòü, åñëè âû ãîâîðèòå â îáùåì î êàêîì-ëèáî íåèñ÷èñëÿåìîì ïîíÿòèè, àðòèêëÿ íå áóäåò, íî îïÿòü æå, åñëè ñëó÷àé ÷àñòíûé – èñïîëüçóéòå the.

Íàïðèìåð:

I like bread/milk/honey.
I like the bread/the milk/the honey. (Êîíêðåòíî ýòî è íèêàêîå äðóãîå.)

8. Ñ ôàìèëèÿìè

Åñëè ðå÷ü èäåò î ÷ëåíàõ îäíîé è òîé æå ñåìüè, ìîæíî ïîñòàâèòü àðòèêëü the ïåðåä ôàìèëèåé. Òàêèì îáðàçîì âû îáîçíà÷èòå ãðóïïó ëþäåé, ñåìüþ îäíèì ñëîâîì.

Ê ïðèìåðó:

The Smith are coming for dinner today.
Have you seen the Jonson recently?